Arc-lamp.



R. SCOTT.

ARC LAMP. APPLIOATIOH 19mm mm 15, 1907.

1,062,857. Patented May 27, 1913.

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R. SCOTT.

ARC LAMP.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 15. 1907 1,662,857, Patented May 27, 1913.

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ARC LAMP. I APPLICATION FILED JUNEIFJ, 1907,

1,062,857. Pzitented May 27, 1913.

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ARC LAMP.

APPLIGATIOH FILED JUNE 15, 1907.

Patented May 27, 1913.

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R.SCOTT.

ARC LAMP.

APPLIOATION FILED JUNB15, 1907.

1,062,857. Patented May 27, 1913.

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New Jersey, have invented certain new more particularly to the so-called Bremer a limited extent, and the most etlicientre- RALTFH SCQTT, 0F NEWARK, NEW JERSEY.

fiGO'IT ELECTRICAL COIlliITtAITY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.,

131 MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, T0

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a conservat on or MAINE.

ARC-LAMP.

Specification of Letters Patent.

patented May 22,1913.

Application filed June 15 1907. Serial No. 379,205.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, RALPH Scorer, a citizen of the United States, residing at Newark, in the county of Essex and State of and useful Improvements in Arc-Lamps, of

act description.

My invention relates to are lamps, and

or flaming arc lamp in which metallized carbons are used, and in which the are takes the form of a comparatively long and very luminous flame.

The electric are when produced between plain carbon electrodes is only luminous to sults are obtained when the carbons are not widely separated. On the other hand, with metallized carbons the arc is very luminous, and the best results are obtained with an are four or five times as long as with plain Moreover the stability of ,a long are between metallizcd carbons is very much greater than that between plain carbons. F or these various reasons flaming are light mechanism should be capable of producing a, normal are about five-eights of an inch long in ordinary operation. the Bremer, Carbone, Baker, and other devices this is done by having downwardly convergent electrodes separated by about one-fourth of an inch at the points and a magneticfield to blow the are downward from the points and lengthen it to the required extent. This is particularly advantageous, in that it positions the are most eflicicntly for the 'purposes of ordinary illumination, and also causes the electrodes to burn away evenly. The regulation of the arc is accomplished by changes in the strength of the field and also by altering the separation of the carbon electrodes.

By the present invention I entirely dispense with the usual magnets and parts and regulate the are in a ditl'erent way, and which has special advantages hereinafter particularly stated.

By the present invention I also provide novel guiding and positioning and are striking devices for the electrodes.

Briefly stated the present invention consists in its main aspect in maintaining a plurality of arcs in a predetermined relation to one another, so that their reciprocal or mutual influence produces all the arc regulation which is required and without the necessity of any mechanical devices for adjusting the separation of the carbons or producing a field to blow the arcs down in. accordance with the usual practice.

The invention also consists in the features of construction and combination hereinafter set forth and claimed.

in the drawings: Figure 1 is a perspective view of an arc lamp embodying the principles of my invention; Fig. 2 isa vertical sectional view of the same; Fig. 3 is a section on the line lll-lll of Fig. 2, look ing in the direction. of the arrows; Fig. 4: is

a similar view on the line IV-IV of Fig. 2, also looking in the direction of the arrows. Fig. 5 is a diagrammatic view showing the circuit connections; Figs. (5 and 7 arediagrams illustrating the nature of the mag netic regulating field produced by the mutual or reciprocal infiuence of the are currents in a two-arc lamp and in an eightare lamp respectively; Fig. 8 shows a slight modification of the are striking mechanism which is required with an eight-arc lamp Figs. 9 and 10 are details of the same.

Referring to the drawings in which like parts are designated by the same reference sign, 1 and 2 indicate respectively upper and lower plates or heads forming part of the main frame of the lamp. Thesiplates or heads are rigidly fixed or joined together by rods 3 and 1, of which 3 is a central or axial vertical rod, while 4 are rods grouped in a series thcrcabout, and converging at a predetermined angle toward one another and toward the central axis of the lamp. There are as many .of these inclined rods 4 as the lamp has arcs. In the form of the invention shown in Figs. 1 to 5, there are four at these inclined rods. 5 designates an additional rod joining the heads 1 and 2 and parallel to the central rod 3. This rod has a guiding function will hereinaiter appear.

The lower head or base plate 2 is pert'r rated for the various electrodes, conveniently with elongated slots 6. The various electrodes depend in converging relation through these slots to a point slightly below the lowerface of the base plate 2. 7 and 8 indicate the various electrodes supported in this way. I provide means by which the central series 7 are guided downward vertically while the outer series 8 are guided in an inwardly converging relation with respect to the series .7. For this purpose I provide a carrier 9, having a central hub 10, guided on the rods 3'and 5, and having radially projecting arms 11. 12 indicate insulating bushings at the emremities'of these arms, andto which are fixed the sockets 13 for the.central series of ElrtfiOtlQS 7. The

electrodes 8 have corresponding receiving sockets 14, with insulating bushings 15, from which rigidly project. in a laterally inward direction, the slotted arms 16.. These slot above construction properly guides the electrode sockets l3 and let, so that the elec trodes a re constrained to feeddownward in f properly converging relation and at an equal speed under ,all' circumstances.

It will be noted that the carrier 9 is free to feed. downward upon t-he-ce11tral, -r0d 3 by gravity and in so doing carries -all of the electrodes down with it with an exactly equal degree of movement. fThis movement is normally resisted by one-of the electrodes 7 which rests on a stop or ledge 37. A convenient form of stop or'le dge is'that illuse simpleway by any single electrode of'the.

trated, comprising a circular metallic button pro ecting stud Pivotedto a downwardly 38, from the base 2. As this button only supports the electrode at i ts tip or outside.

edge, the are thereof is not in any' degree interfered with. As the electrode burns away, it, together with theent-ire carrier, andall the other electrodes, is allowed to gradually-fall, so that the feed of all the electrodes in the lamp is regulated in this set. It will be evident; that the feed is automatically made substantially correct in this way under ordinary conditions, since the feed requirements of all the electrodes are SIS the same underxthe uniform conditions of current, 'etc., WllICll they necessarily have by their connection and arrangement.

At; the lower ends of the electrodes I pro-. vide means for initially striking the arcs and thereafter keeping the electrodes properly spaced apart. This mechanism-is particularly shown in Figs. 1 and 4 of the drawings, and which constitutes an important part of my invention. (lertain of the electrodes are guided in fixed relation through the slots of the base plate 2 by slot-ted ears 1?, fixed to the plate 2 but insulated therefrom by bushings 18. The reosses? maining electrodes are guided pivoted arms l9, through the slotted extremities 20 of which, the electrodes project. The-arms 19 are centrally pivoted on insulated studs 2l,'and connect the inner electrodes ofone setwith the outer electrode of an adjacent set. This relat1on secures two entirely separate and important functions. 22 indicates [a link which connects the arms 19 so that they move together 'abou t their pivot studs 2.1. The link 6 is insulated from the arms by the bushings 22'. The'link .22 projects outwardly at 23, and has a hole 24 therein. 25' indicates a stud upstanding from the base-2, and pivo-tally supporting a bell crank lever 26, with a downwardly extending arm 27, which engages the hole 24. This bell crank is connected by a link 28, with striking magnet 29. These features of connec tion between the link 22 and the striking-- magnet 29 may be of any desired sort.

I Wlll now describe the electrical connections which constitute every important feature of the invention. In the mechanical features of construction of the lamp, as

illustrated in Figs 1 to 4, the electrical connections have been omitted on account'of. the large number and. complexity thereof.

which would tend to obscurethe showing.

It is understood that these connections are made by flexible insulated wires, for example, thosehaving glass beads so as to withstand the heat of the lamp. The connections for a four-arc lamp are shown in Fig. 5.

Supposingthat 30 'and 31 are the. terminals of the lamp, curr'ent enters 'at 30, passes through striking magnet .29 to the connec tion 1, and inner electrode 7, through. the arc thereof, to, outer electrode 8, through connection 1 to another inner electrode 7 loo and are thereof, to outer electrode 8, connection 1 etc, through the other electrodes,

arcs and connections 1 and 1 to the other terminal 31. The nature of this wiring follows certain fundamental principles dependent on theoretical. considerations' hereinaftcr stated. It.- willalso be observed that inevery case where two electrodes are connected by the pivoted arms 19,. that these I eleptrodesare the ones connected by leads 1 1, 1*, etc. In other words, the pivoted arms 19 connect electrodes which are at identical potential values by the operation of the lamp. This avoids the necessity of any insulation in the structure of these pivoted arms which can be simplystamped of sheet 'metal, giving a strong, practical and heat resisting construction.

I will now consider the theoretical principles underlying the arrangement of the electrodes and the circuit connections thereof. Referring to Fig. 6, two pairs of elec trodes are illustrated and respectively denominated 7 and 8-", and. 7 and 8". If the current flows down'in the two electrodes 7 in the direction of the arrows.

and 7 and up in the two electrodes 8 and 8", there will be produced. magnetic fields These magnetic fields are such as to repel the electrodes of each pair from one another on the well known principles of all conductors carrying currents. As the are at the lower ends of the electrodes also a conductor carrying current, this also repelled. radially outward, that is, in a downward direction. llith a single arc, such action is very slight, except with excessive currents of twelve amperes or more, which are larger than'pract-ically etlicient. But by having the two pairs of electrodes arranged as shown and carrying current as shown, the magnetic fields assist one another, so that if there were no leakage, the field of each would be twice as strong it would be otherwise, or, in other words, the field of each arc is substantially as greatwith six amperes as it would be with twelve amperes it it were alone and isolated. Six amperes is a practical current value for these lamps, and with the field equivalent or twelve amperes, the are becomes absohtitely salt-regulating. "With two pairs of electrodes the arcs should be quite close together to have this effect, but where four are used, they may be spaced further apart. In case of four pairs of electrodes, the field at each are would be four times as great as it isolated, provided there were no loss by leakage, etc. This result, of course, is not obtained in practice, because of leakage and air reluctance. However, with four pairs of electrodes, the magnetic field at each is so much strengthened that its are becomes absolutely selt-regulating although only a normal operating current passes through the circuit. lVith eight electrodes, the same principles apply. In this case current should pass down in all the outside carcons, and up in all the inside carbons, or vice versa. This produces assisting and not opposing fields, as illustrated in Fig 7 of the drawings.

It merely necessary to briefly consider the regulating action of these magnetic fields. It has been shown that their ten- 'dency is to deflect the ares downward, and

(illllt and intensity of magnetic field both increase immediately lengthening the arc, as is'reqinredl This regulating action occurs, and in practice keeps the arcs absolutely steady, provided they are arranged and spaced apart and connected properly in accordance with my invention;

In the case of an eight-arc lamp, a slight n'mdilication of the striking mechanism 15 necessary, and the form thereof is particu larly shown in .l i 8. 2 indicates the base plate of the lamp, and 7 and 8 the various electrodes thereof. 19 are the pivoted arms connecting adjacent electrodes in a manner analogous to the arms 19 of Figs. 1 to 5. Each of these links 19 has an inwardly extending arm 40, the extremity of which is received in a perforation ell, in a swivel stud 42. These studs are swivelcd in insulating bushings ll around the circumference of a circular plate 4-3, centrally pivoted at 4 2, on the rod 3. 45 indicates a link connecting this plate 43 with a bell crank lever to.

This bell crank has a link connection 28" with the striking magnet 29 analogous to the parts 28 and 29 already described. It is clear that the energization of this magnet swings the plate 43 angularly so as to mo e all of the pivoted arms 19, and strike all of the arcs sinniltaneously, thereafter maintaining the electrodes in a predetermined spaced apart relation.

I consider it an important feature of the present invention that no magnets are required anywhere near the heat zone of the lamp where their insulation is exposed to the radiant heat and accor Zl.ingly liable to injury. By my invention no magnet is required anywhere near the heat zone, and in case a striking magnet 29 is employed, it may be situated beneath the top plate 1, and therefore very remote from the arcs. In this relation it is amply protected from all unfavorable influences.

lVhat I claim, is

1. In a'n'arc lamp, a plurality of down wardly converging electrodes, means for connecting said electrodes in series whereby a plurality of arcs are produced, said electrodes and the arcs thereot'alone producing a single magnetic field acting equally on all of said arcs and constituting their exclusive regulating means.

2. In an arc lamp, a plurality of downwardly converging electrodes having means for establishing a plurality of circuits therebetween, said electrodes being arranged to produce-a single magnetic field actmg equally on all of said arcs and constituting their exclusive regulating means, and means for initially separating the electrodes where by the arcs are struck.

3. in an arc lamp, a plurality of downwardly converging electrodes, means for eon necting said electrodes whereby a plurality of arcs are produced, said electrodes and the arcs thereof all cooperating to assist in the production of e single mlgnetic field for furinitially separatiqg the electrodes whereby 1O for establishing a plurality of circuits therenishing the exclusive regulation of said arcs. the arcs are struck. v r

4:. 'In an arc lamp, a plurality of downln witness where-oil subscribe my signa- J Wardly converging electrodes having means ture, in the presenee of two witnesses.

' Q1 f between,.. said electrodes being arranged to Y Q produce a single magnetic field to regulate Witnesses: 7 said arcs, and means including a striking W' LDO M. CHAPIN,

v magnet-at a remote point from the arcs for JAMES DANTONIO= 

